arguments.hpp

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//==================================================================================================
/// \file
/// This header file is part of module \alib_cli of the \aliblong.
///
/// \emoji :copyright: 2013-2024 A-Worx GmbH, Germany.
/// Published under \ref mainpage_license "Boost Software License".
//==================================================================================================
#ifndef HPP_ALIB_CLI_ARGUMENTS
#define HPP_ALIB_CLI_ARGUMENTS 1
#pragma once
#   include "alib/cli/clicamp.hpp"
#   include "alib/containers/list.hpp"
 
 
namespace alib {  namespace  cli {
 
 
/// Struct used as parent for types
/// - \alib{cli;Command},
/// - \alib{cli;Option}, and
/// - \alib{cli;Parameter}.
///
/// Stores
/// - a pointer to the \alib{cli;CommandLine} object,
/// - the position in \alib{ARG_VN}, respectively \alib{ARG_VW} where the object was found, and
/// - the number of arguments consumed when reading the object.
///
/// \note
///   For technical reasons, other members that are shared between the derived types named above,
///   have to be declared (each three times) with the types themselves.
struct Parsed
{
    /// The cli command line.
    CommandLine* CmdLine;
 
    /// The index in \alib{ARG_VN}, respectively \alib{ARG_VW}, that this instance (derived option
    /// or parameter ) was found at.
    integer      Position;
 
    /// The number of command line arguments that a command consumed. This includes the command name
    /// itself. If the method \b Read of derived types leaves this to <c>0</c>, then the option or
    /// parameter was not found.
    integer      ConsumedArguments;
 
    /// Constructor
    /// @param cmdLine   The command line instance.
    Parsed( CommandLine* cmdLine )
    : CmdLine        (cmdLine)
    , Position       ((std::numeric_limits<integer>::max)())
    , ConsumedArguments(0)
    {}
};
 
 
// #################################################################################################
// Decl and Def versions of commands, options, parameters and ExitCodes
// #################################################################################################
 
 
/// \ref alib_enums_records "ALib Enum Record" type used by class \alib{cli;ParameterDecl}.
 struct ERParameterDecl : public enums::ERSerializable
 {
    /// The identifier of the parameter.
    String      identifier;
 
    /// An optional separator string (usually "=") that separates the parameter name from a
    /// value given within the parameter itself.
    String      valueSeparator;
 
    /// A separator character for parsing multiple values.
    /// If set to <c>'C'</c>, method \alib{cli;ParameterDecl::ValueListSeparator} will return
    /// <c>','</c> instead.
    nchar       valueListSeparator;
 
    /// The number of arguments to consume and store in \alib{cli;Parameter::Args}.
    /// If negative, parsing stops. If previous field, separator string is set and this
    /// value is equal or greater to \c 1, then a missing separator string leads to
    /// a parsing exception.
    int         RequiredArguments;
 
    /// Denotes if this is an optional parameter.
    bool        isOptional;
 
     /// Default constructor leaving the record undefined. (Implementation required as documented
     /// \alib{enums;EnumRecordPrototype::EnumRecordPrototype();here}.)
     ERParameterDecl()                                                          noexcept  = default;
 
    /// Implementation of \alib{enums;EnumRecordPrototype::Parse}.
    ALIB_API
    void Parse();
 };
 
/// A parameter of a \alib{cli;CommandDecl}.
///
/// Construction is done by passing a custom enum element of an enum type equipped with
/// \ref alib_enums_records "ALib Enum Records" of type \alib{cli;ERParameterDecl}.
///
/// When bootstrapping \alib_cli_nl, method \alib{cli;CommandLine::DefineParameters} has to be
/// invoked for (each) enum type.
class ParameterDecl
{
    protected:
        /// The enumeration element given with construction.
        Enum            declElement;
 
        /// A copy (!) of the enum record.
        ERParameterDecl record;
 
        /// The resource information of the enumeration type given with construction.
        ResourceInfo    resourceInfo;
 
    public:
        /// Templated constructor which takes an enum element of a custom type equipped with
        /// \ref alib_enums_records "ALib Enum Records" of type \alib{cli;ERParameterDecl}.
        ///
        /// @tparam TEnum    C++ enum type equipped with corresponding \alib Enum Records.
        /// @param element   The enum element
        template<typename TEnum>
        ParameterDecl( TEnum element )
        : declElement( element )
        , resourceInfo(element)
        {
            // make a copy of the resourced record
            record= enums::GetRecord(element);
 
            // fix separator character
            if( record.valueListSeparator == 'C' )
                record.valueListSeparator= ',';
        }
 
       /// Returns the type and integral value of the enumeration element used with construction.
       /// @return The enumeration element used with construction.
        const Enum&     Element()                                                              const
        {
            return declElement;
        }
 
        /// Returns the name of the parameter. This is not the identifier. The name is just for
        /// help and configuration output.
        ///
        /// \see Method #Identifier.
        ///
        /// @return The name of the enum element.
        const String&   Name()
        {
            return record.EnumElementName;
        }
 
        /// Returns the identifier of the parameter. If this is empty, the parameter is not optional
        /// and hence has no identifier.
        ///
        /// @return The name of the enum element.
        const String&   Identifier()
        {
            return record.identifier;
        }
 
        /// Returns the minimum parse length of the identifier.
        /// @return The minimum characters to satisfy the parameter.
        int             MinimumRecognitionLength()
        {
            return record.MinimumRecognitionLength;
        }
 
        /// An optional separator string (usually "="), that separates the parameter name from a
        /// parameter value.
        /// @return The separator string.
        const String&   ValueSeparator()
        {
            return record.valueSeparator;
        }
 
        /// A separator character for parsing multiple values.
        /// @return The separator character.
        nchar           ValueListSeparator()
        {
            return record.valueListSeparator != 'C' ? record.valueListSeparator : ',';
        }
 
        /// The number of CLI arguments to consume and store in \alib{cli;Option::Args} with method
        /// \alib{cli;Parameter::Read}.
        ///
        /// @return The parameter identifier.
        int             QtyExpectedArgsFollowing()
        {
            return record.RequiredArguments;
        }
 
        /// Returns \c true if the parameter is optional. The information about this attribute is
        /// used to create help messages and usage format strings only. It does not automatically
        /// raise an exception if a parameter is not given. Such exception or other error treatment
        /// is up to the user code.
        /// @return \c true if the parameter is optional, \c false otherwise.
        bool IsOptional()
        {
            return record.isOptional;
        }
 
        /// Returns the short help text.
        /// Loads the string from #resourceInfo using resource name \c "THelpParShtNN",
        /// where \c NN is the enum element's integral value.
        /// @return The help text.
        const String&   GetHelpTextShort()
        {
            return resourceInfo.Get( NString64("THlpParSht_" ) << Name()  ALIB_DBG(, true) );
        }
 
        /// Returns the long help text.
        /// Loads the string from #resourceInfo using resource name \c "THelpParLngNN",
        /// where \c NN is the enum element's integral value.
        /// @return The help text.
        const String&   GetHelpTextLong()
        {
            return resourceInfo.Get( String64("THlpParLng_" ) << Name() ALIB_DBG(, true));
        }
}; // ParameterDecl
 
/// A declaration for a \alib{cli::Parameter}.
struct Parameter : public Parsed
{
    /// The underlying declaration.
    ParameterDecl*                                  Declaration                           = nullptr;
 
    /// Arguments belonging to us.
    List<MonoAllocator, String, Recycling::Shared>  Args;
 
    /// Constructor
    /// @param cmdLine   The command line instance.
    inline
    Parameter( CommandLine* cmdLine );
 
    /// Tries to read the object from the front of \alib{cli;CommandLine::ArgsLeft}.
    /// Success is indicated by setting inherited fields \alib{cli;Parsed::Position} and
    /// \alib{cli;Parsed::ConsumedArguments} to values greater than \c 0.
    ///
    /// If it could not be decided if the actual CLI argument contains this parameter, \c false
    /// is returned to indicate that parsing commands has to stop now.
    ///
    /// This is done in the following cases:
    /// - When \alib{cli;ParameterDecl::Identifier} is empty and the parameter is
    ///   \alib{cli;ParameterDecl::IsOptional} gives \c true.
    /// - When it was successfully read, but  \alib{cli;ParameterDecl::QtyExpectedArgsFollowing}
    ///   is defined \c -1.
    ///
    /// See \alib{cli;CommandLine;ReadNextCommands} for details
    ///
    /// @param decl   The declaration used for reading
    /// @return The \c true on success, \c false indicates that parsing has to end here.
    ALIB_API
    bool    Read( ParameterDecl& decl );
};
 
/// \ref alib_enums_records "ALib Enum Record" type used by class \alib{cli;OptionDecl}.
struct EROptionDecl : public enums::ERSerializable
{
    /// The name of the option as parsed from command line if single hyphen <c>'-'</c> is used.
    /// Defined as string to be able to have empty strings, which disables single character
    /// options.
    String  identifierChar;
 
    /// An optional separator string (usually "=") that separates the option name from a value
    /// within the first argument itself.
    /// If this is not given, field #RequiredArguments has to be \c 0.
    String  valueSeparator;
 
    /// The number of arguments to consume and store in \alib{cli;Option::Args}.
    /// If this field is set and this value is not \c 0, then a missing separator string leads
    /// to a parsing exception.
    integer RequiredArguments;
 
    /// If not empty, the argument string will be replaced by this and the search for next options
    /// continues.
    /// Note: Shortcut options have to occur earlier in the enumeration's resource definition.
    String  shortcutReplacementString;
 
    /// Defaulted constructor leaving the record undefined.
    /// (Implementation required as documented
    /// \alib{enums;EnumRecordPrototype::EnumRecordPrototype();here}.)
    EROptionDecl()                                                              noexcept  = default;
 
    /// Implementation of \alib{enums;EnumRecordPrototype::Parse}.
    ALIB_API
    void Parse();
};
 
/// A declaration for an \alib{cli::Option}.
///
/// Construction is done by passing a custom enum element of an enum type equipped with
/// \ref alib_enums_records "ALib Enum Records" of type \alib{cli;EROptionDecl}.
///
/// When bootstrapping \alib_cli_nl, method \alib{cli;CommandLine::DefineOptions} has to be
/// invoked for (each) enum type.
///
class OptionDecl
{
    protected:
        /// The enumeration element given with construction.
        Enum            declElement;
 
        /// A copy (!) of the enum record.
        EROptionDecl    record;
 
        /// The resource information of the enumeration type given with construction.
        ResourceInfo    resourceInfo;
 
 
    public:
        /// Templated constructor which takes an enum element of a custom type equipped with
        /// \ref alib_enums_records "ALib Enum Records" of type \alib{cli;EROptionDecl}.
        ///
        /// @tparam TEnum    C++ enum type equipped with corresponding \alib Enum Records.
        /// @param element   The enum element
        template<typename TEnum>
        OptionDecl( TEnum element )
        : declElement( element )
        , resourceInfo(element)
        {
            // make a copy of the resourced record
            record= enums::GetRecord(element);
        }
 
       /// Returns the type and integral value of the enumeration element used with construction.
       /// @return The enumeration element used with construction.
        const Enum&     Element()                                                              const
        {
            return declElement;
        }
 
        /// Returns the identifier of the option if double hyphen <c>'--'</c> is used.
        /// @return The option identifier.
        const String&   Identifier()
        {
            return record.EnumElementName;
        }
 
        /// Returns the minimum parse length of the identifier if double hyphen <c>'--'</c> is used.
        /// @return The minimum characters to satisfy the option.
        int             MinimumRecognitionLength()
        {
            return record.MinimumRecognitionLength;
        }
 
        /// Returns the identifier of the option if single hyphen <c>'-'</c> is used.
        /// @return The option identifier.
        character       IdentifierChar()
        {
            return record.identifierChar.IsNotEmpty() ? record.identifierChar.CharAtStart()
                                                      : '\0';
        }
 
        /// An optional separator string (usually "="), that separates the parameter name from a
        /// parameter value.
        /// @return The separator string.
        const String&   ValueSeparator()
        {
            return record.valueSeparator;
        }
 
        /// The number of CLI arguments to consume and store in \alib{cli;Option::Args} with method
        /// \alib{cli;Option::Read}.
        /// @return The option identifier.
        integer         QtyExpectedArgsFollowing()
        {
            return record.RequiredArguments;
        }
 
        /// If an option is a shortcut to another one, this string replaces the argument given.
        /// @return The option identifier.
        const String&   ShortcutReplacementString()
        {
            return record.shortcutReplacementString;
        }
 
 
        /// Returns a formal description of the usage.
        /// Loads the string from #resourceInfo using resource name \c "TOptUsgNN",
        /// where \c NN is the enum element's integral value.
        /// @return The help text.
        const String&   HelpUsageLine()
        {
            return resourceInfo.Get( NString64("TOptUsg_" ) << Identifier()   ALIB_DBG(, true) );
        }
 
        /// Returns the help text.
        /// Loads the string from #resourceInfo using resource name \c "TOptHlpNN",
        /// where \c NN is the enum element's integral value.
        /// @return The help text.
        const String&   HelpText()
        {
            return resourceInfo.Get( NString64("TOptHlp_" ) << Identifier()   ALIB_DBG(, true) );
        }
}; // OptionDecl
 
/// An option of a command line. Options are read "automatically" using their declaration
/// information defined with externalized strings (resources) accessed through
/// \ref alib_enums_records "ALib Enum Records" associated with enum elements of enum custom types.
///
/// However, such automatic read is limited due to the fact, that the simple values and flags
/// defined with \alib{cli;OptionDecl}, cannot provide the flexibility needed to perfectly
/// parse options with a complex syntax.
///
/// In this case, the way out is to use custom code that invokes \alib{cli;CommandLine;ReadOptions}
/// and then processes all options that may have remaining arguments left in the list.
/// Using field #Position further arguments may be consumed from \alib{cli;CommandLine::ArgsLeft}.<br>
/// Note, "processing all options" may mean a nested loop. The outer is over the option types
/// of  \alib{cli;CommandLine;OptionsFound}, the inner is over the vector of options per type.
///
struct Option : public Parsed
{
    /// The declaration struct.
    OptionDecl*                                     Declaration                           = nullptr;
 
    /// Arguments belonging to this option.
    List<MonoAllocator, String, Recycling::Shared>  Args;
 
    /// Constructor
    /// @param cmdLine   The command line main object.
    inline
    Option( CommandLine* cmdLine );
 
    /// Tries to read the object from the current CLI arg(s).
    /// \note
    ///   Unlike the read methods \alib{cli;Command::Read} and \alib{cli;Parameter::Read}, this
    ///   method expects the argument to test not only by number with \p{argNo} but as well
    ///   with string parameter \p{arg}.<br>
    ///   This redundancy is needed to easily implement shortcut options, that just
    ///   replace a shortcut option read to another one, probably with a preset argument included.
    ///
    /// @param decl   The declaration used for reading.
    /// @param arg    The argument string starting with one or two hyphens.
    /// @param argNo  The position of reading.
    /// @return The \c true on success, \c false otherwise.
    ALIB_API
    bool  Read( OptionDecl& decl, String& arg, const integer argNo );
};
 
/// \ref alib_enums_records "ALib Enum Record" type used by class \alib{cli;CommandDecl}.
 struct ERCommandDecl : public enums::ERSerializable
 {
    /// List of parameters attached. Separated by <c>'/'</c>.
    String      parameters;
 
     /// Default constructor leaving the record undefined.
     /// (Implementation required as documented
     /// \alib{enums;EnumRecordPrototype::EnumRecordPrototype();here}.)
     ERCommandDecl()                                                            noexcept  = default;
 
    /// Implementation of \alib{enums;EnumRecordPrototype::Parse}.
    ALIB_API
    void Parse();
 };
 
/// A declaration for a \alib{cli::Command}.
///
/// Construction is done by passing a custom enum element of an enum type equipped with
/// \ref alib_enums_records "ALib Enum Records" of type \alib{cli;ERCommandDecl}.
///
/// When bootstrapping \alib_cli_nl, method \alib{cli;CommandLine::DefineCommands} has to be
/// invoked for (each) enum type.
///
class CommandDecl
{
    protected:
        /// The enumeration element given with construction.
        Enum                                declElement;
 
        /// A copy (!) of the enum record.
        ERCommandDecl                       record;
 
        /// The resource information of the enumeration type given with construction.
        ResourceInfo                        resourceInfo;
 
    public :
        /// The command line instance we belong to.
        CommandLine&                        CmdLine;
 
        /// Command parameters.
        List<MonoAllocator, ParameterDecl*> Parameters;
 
        /// Templated constructor which takes an enum element of a custom type equipped with
        /// \ref alib_enums_records "ALib Enum Records" of type \alib{cli;ERCommandDecl}.
        ///
        /// Field #Parameters is filled as specified in the enum record.
        ///
        /// @tparam TEnum    C++ enum type equipped with corresponding \alib Enum Records.
        /// @param element   The enum element
        /// @param cmdLine   The command line  object. Will be stored.
        template<typename TEnum>
        inline
        CommandDecl( TEnum element, CommandLine& cmdLine );
 
       /// Returns the type and integral value of the enumeration element used with construction.
       /// @return The enumeration element used with construction.
        const Enum&     Element()                                                              const
        {
            return declElement;
        }
 
        /// Returns the identifier (name) of the command
        /// @return The command identifier.
        const String&   Identifier()
        {
            return record.EnumElementName;
        }
 
        /// Returns the minimum parse length of the identifier.
        /// @return The minimum characters to satisfy the command to be parsed.
        int             MinimumRecognitionLength()
        {
            return record.MinimumRecognitionLength;
        }
 
        /// Returns the short version of the help text.
        /// Loads the string from #resourceInfo using resource name \c "THlpCmdShtNN",
        /// where \c NN is the enum element's integral value.
        /// @return The help text.
        const String&   HelpTextShort()
        {
            return resourceInfo.Get( NString64("THlpCmdSht_" ) << Identifier()  ALIB_DBG(, true) );
        }
 
        /// Returns the long version of the help text.
        /// Loads the string from #resourceInfo using resource name \c "THlpCmdLngNN",
        /// where \c NN is the enum element's integral value.
        /// @return The help text.
        const String&   HelpTextLong()
        {
            return resourceInfo.Get( NString64("THlpCmdLng_" ) << Identifier()  ALIB_DBG(, true) );
        }
 
        /// Searches in #Parameters for the declaration of parameter \p{name}.
        /// @param name   The declaration name of the parameter.
        /// @return A pointer to the parameter's declaration, \c nullptr if parameter was not
        ///         declared.
        ALIB_API
        ParameterDecl* GetParameterDecl(const String& name );
 
    protected:
        /// Called from the constructor. Parses field \alib{cli;ERCommandDecl::parameters} of the
        /// enum record, and loads the corresponding parameters.
        ALIB_API
        void addParamDecls();
};
 
/// A command of a \alib_cli_nl command line.
struct Command  : public Parsed
{
    /// The underlying declaration.
    CommandDecl*                                        Declaration                       = nullptr;
 
    /// Mandatory parameters parsed.
    List<MonoAllocator, Parameter*, Recycling::Shared>  ParametersMandatory;
 
    /// Optional parameters parsed.
    List<MonoAllocator, Parameter*, Recycling::Shared>  ParametersOptional;
 
    /// Constructor
    /// @param cmdLine   The command line instance.
    inline
    Command( CommandLine* cmdLine );
 
    /// Tries to read the object from the front of \alib{cli;CommandLine::ArgsLeft}.
    /// @param decl   The declaration used for reading.
    /// @return The \c true on success, \c false otherwise.
    ALIB_API
    bool  Read( CommandDecl& decl );
 
    /// Searches in #ParametersMandatory and #ParametersOptional for parameter \p{name}.
    /// @param name   The declaration name of the parameter.
    /// @return A pointer to the parameter, \c nullptr if parameter was not parsed.
    ALIB_API
    Parameter* GetParsedParameter(const String& name );
 
    /// Searches in #ParametersMandatory and #ParametersOptional for parameter \p{name} and returns
    /// its (first) argument.
    /// @param name   The declaration name of the parameter.
    /// @return The argument string, \b NULL_STRING  if parameter was not parsed if not given.
    ALIB_API
    String GetParsedParameterArg( const String& name );
};
 
/// \ref alib_enums_records "ALib Enum Record" type used by class \alib{cli;ExitCodeDecl}.
/// \note Field \alib{enums;ERSerializable::MinimumRecognitionLength} is not read from the string,
///       but set to fixed value \c 0.
struct ERExitCodeDecl : public enums::ERSerializable
{
    /// The CLI module exception associated to this exit code.
    int         associatedCLIException;
 
    /// Default constructor leaving the record undefined.
    /// (Implementation required as documented
    /// \alib{enums;EnumRecordPrototype::EnumRecordPrototype();here}.)
    ERExitCodeDecl()                                                            noexcept
    : ERSerializable()
    {}
 
    /// Implementation of \alib{enums;EnumRecordPrototype::Parse}.
    ALIB_API
    void Parse();
};
 
/// An exit code of a cli application.
///
/// Construction is done by passing a custom enum element of an enum type equipped with
/// \ref alib_enums_records "ALib Enum Records" of type \alib{cli;ERExitCodeDecl}.
///
/// When bootstrapping \alib_cli_nl, method \alib{cli;CommandLine::DefineExitCodes} has to be
/// invoked for (each) enum type.
///
/// Announcing the main application's exit codes to the \alib_cli_nl module has two reasons:
/// - The exit codes are included in the help output text utility methods provided by class
///   \alib{cli;CommandLine}.
/// - \alib_cli_nl module exit codes can be translated to valid exit codes using
///   method \alib{cli;CLIUtil::GetExitCode}.
class ExitCodeDecl
{
    protected:
        /// The enumeration element given with construction.
        Enum            declElement;
 
        /// A copy (!) of the enum record.
        ERExitCodeDecl  record;
 
        /// The resource information of the enumeration type given with construction.
        ResourceInfo    resourceInfo;
 
 
    public:
        /// Templated constructor which takes an enum element of a custom type equipped with
        /// \ref alib_enums_records "ALib Enum Records" of type \alib{cli;ERExitCodeDecl}.
        ///
        /// @tparam TEnum    C++ enum type equipped with corresponding \alib Enum Records.
        /// @param element   The enum element.
        template<typename TEnum>
        ExitCodeDecl( TEnum element )
        : declElement( element )
        , resourceInfo(element)
        {
            // make a copy of the resourced record
            record= enums::GetRecord(element);
        }
 
        /// Returns the name of the enum element
        /// @return The name of the enum element.
        const String&   Name()
        {
            return record.EnumElementName;
        }
 
        /// If an element of enum type \alib{cli;Exceptions} is associated with this exit code, it
        /// is returned. Otherwise <c>cli::ExitCodes(-1)</c>.
        ///
        /// \see Method \alib{cli;CLIUtil::GetExitCode}.
        /// @return The associated element of cli::Exceptions.
        cli::Exceptions AssociatedCLIException()
        {
            return cli::Exceptions( record.associatedCLIException );
        }
 
        /// Returns the format string associated with this exit code.
        /// Loads the string from #resourceInfo using resource name \c "TExitNN",
        /// where \c NN is the enum element's integral value.
        /// @return The format string.
        const String&   FormatString()
        {
            return resourceInfo.Get( NString64("TExit" ) << declElement.Integral()  ALIB_DBG(, true) );
        }
};
 
}} // namespace [alib::cli]
 
 
#endif // HPP_ALIB_CLI_ARGUMENTS